Question 1

What is Amantadine?

Accepted Answer

Amantadine is a medication that functions as both an antiviral agent and a treatment that affects the central nervous system. It works by influencing the levels of specific chemicals in the brain that help regulate muscle control. Additionally, it helps manage certain infections by interfering with the process that allows specific viruses to replicate within the body. This medication is categorized as an adamantane derivative.

Question 2

What is Amantadine used for?

Accepted Answer

Amantadine is used to treat:

Parkinson disease

Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms

Influenza A virus infection

Question 3

How does Amantadine work?

Accepted Answer

Amantadine works in different ways depending on the condition being treated. While its exact mechanism for movement disorders is not fully known, its antiviral actions are well-documented.

Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders

For Parkinson's disease and movement-related side effects caused by certain medications, amantadine is thought to increase the amount of dopamine available in the brain. Dopamine is a chemical messenger responsible for smooth and controlled muscle movements. Amantadine may help by:

Increasing dopamine release: It may encourage nerve cells to release more dopamine.

Slowing reabsorption: It may prevent dopamine from being absorbed back into the cells too quickly, keeping it active for longer.

Blocking receptors: It may block certain brain receptors, known as NMDA receptors, which can help reduce involuntary movements.

Influenza A Treatment

As an antiviral, amantadine specifically targets the influenza A virus. It works by preventing the virus from uncoating once it enters a host cell. By blocking a specific viral protein, the medication stops the virus from releasing its genetic material into the cell. This prevents the virus from replicating and spreading the infection throughout the body. Amantadine does not work against the common cold or other types of flu viruses, such as influenza B.

Question 4

What are the brand names for Amantadine?

Accepted Answer

Amantadine is sold under the brand names Symmetrel , Gocovri , and Osmolex ER .

Question 5

What are the active ingredients in Amantadine?

Accepted Answer

The active ingredient in Amantadine is amantadine .

Question 6

What are the side effects of Amantadine?

Accepted Answer

Common side effects of Amantadine may include:

Nausea

Dizziness

Insomnia

and others.

Always consult with a healthcare professional about potential side effects.

Question 7

What drug class is Amantadine?

Accepted Answer

Amantadine belongs to the antiviral and antiparkinsonian agent drug class.

Question 8

What is the dosage of Amantadine and how do I take it?

Accepted Answer

Administration Instructions

Amantadine is taken by mouth and is available in several forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquid solutions. It is also available in extended-release formulations. The frequency of doses depends on the condition being treated and the specific formulation prescribed.

Consistency: Take amantadine at the same time each day to maintain a steady level of the medication in your system.

With or Without Food: This medication can generally be taken with or without food. If it causes an upset stomach, taking it with a meal or milk may help.

Extended-Release Forms: If you are prescribed extended-release tablets or capsules, swallow them whole. Do not crush, chew, or break them, as this can interfere with how the medication is released into your body.

Liquid Form: If using the liquid solution, use a specific dose-measuring device or spoon rather than a household spoon to ensure the correct amount is taken.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed one.

Stopping Treatment

Do not stop taking amantadine suddenly without consulting your healthcare provider. Abruptly discontinuing the medication can cause symptoms to worsen or lead to serious side effects. Your doctor will typically provide instructions on how to gradually reduce your dose before stopping completely.

Question 9

Is Amantadine safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy

The safety of amantadine during pregnancy has not been fully established in humans. Research in animals has shown that high doses of the medication may lead to birth defects. Consequently, amantadine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Individuals who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should discuss their treatment options and the potential risks with their healthcare provider.

Breastfeeding

Amantadine is excreted into breast milk. Additionally, the medication may lower prolactin levels, which can decrease the amount of breast milk a person produces. Due to the risk of side effects in the nursing infant and the potential for reduced milk supply, caution is advised.

Patients should consult with a healthcare professional to weigh the benefits of breastfeeding against the potential risks to the infant while taking this medication.

Question 10

What forms and strengths does Amantadine come in?

Accepted Answer

Available Forms

Amantadine is primarily administered by mouth and comes in the following forms:

Immediate-release capsules

Immediate-release tablets

Oral solution (syrup)

Extended-release capsules

Extended-release tablets

The specific form prescribed depends on the condition being treated and the patient's individual needs. Extended-release versions are designed to release the medication slowly into the body over time.

Question 11

What is the FDA approval status of Amantadine?

Accepted Answer

FDA Approval Status

Amantadine is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of specific neurological and viral conditions. It was originally approved as an antiviral agent and later received approval for managing symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Approved Indications

The FDA has approved amantadine for the following uses:

Parkinson's Disease: It is indicated for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, including the management of tremors, stiffness, and slow movement.

Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Reactions: It is used to treat movement disorders that occur as side effects of certain medications, such as antipsychotics.

Influenza A: It is approved for the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections caused by influenza A virus strains. However, its use for this purpose has become limited due to widespread viral resistance.

Boxed Warnings and REMS

There are currently no FDA boxed warnings associated with amantadine. A boxed warning is the most serious type of warning required by the FDA for certain medications. Additionally, there is no Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) required for this drug.

Regulatory Safety Information

While approved for use, the FDA requires the drug's labeling to include warnings regarding potential central nervous system effects, such as suicidal ideation, depression, and hallucinations. It also includes precautions for patients with kidney disease, as the dosage must be adjusted to prevent toxicity.

Question 12

What should I know about Amantadine and withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

Risks of Abrupt Discontinuation

Stopping amantadine suddenly can cause serious side effects and may lead to a significant worsening of the condition being treated. It is important to talk to a healthcare provider before stopping the medication, as they will likely recommend a gradual reduction in dosage to prevent withdrawal reactions.

Potential Withdrawal Symptoms

Abruptly ending treatment may result in symptoms such as:

High fever

Severe muscle stiffness

Confusion or hallucinations

Agitation or anxiety

Slurred speech

In rare cases, stopping amantadine suddenly can trigger a dangerous condition similar to neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) or a parkinsonian crisis. These conditions require immediate medical attention and are characterized by very high fever, rapid heart rate, and extreme muscle rigidity.

Amantadine

📋Overview

What It's Used For

How It Works

Brand Names

Side Effects

Warnings & Precautions

Dosage & How to Take

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Forms & Strengths

FDA / Regulatory Status

Withdrawal Information

FAQ

📚References

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