Question 1

What is Vivitrol?

Accepted Answer

Vivitrol is an extended-release form of the medication naltrexone and is classified as an opioid antagonist. It functions by binding to specific receptors in the brain to block the effects of certain substances.

The general purpose of this medication is to help prevent relapse and support long-term recovery. It works by interfering with the physical response the body has to those substances.

Question 2

What is Vivitrol used for?

Accepted Answer

Vivitrol is used to treat alcohol dependence and opioid dependence prevention after detoxification.

Question 3

How does Vivitrol work?

Accepted Answer

Mechanism of Action

Vivitrol contains naltrexone, which belongs to a class of medications called opioid antagonists. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and nervous system.

Blocking Opioid Effects

When Vivitrol attaches to these receptors, it blocks the effects of opioid drugs, such as heroin or prescription pain relievers. If a person uses opioids while Vivitrol is in their system, they will not experience the typical high or euphoric effects associated with those substances.

Reducing Alcohol Cravings

For individuals with alcohol dependence, Vivitrol is thought to work by interfering with the brain's reward system. It helps to:

Reduce the physical urge or craving to drink alcohol.

Block the pleasurable feelings or buzz that alcohol can produce.

Vivitrol is an extended-release injection, meaning the medication is slowly released into the body over a period of about one month. It does not cause a high and is not addictive.

Question 4

What are the active ingredients in Vivitrol?

Accepted Answer

The active ingredient in Vivitrol is naltrexone .

Question 5

What are the side effects of Vivitrol?

Accepted Answer

Common side effects of Vivitrol may include:

Nausea

Headache

Dizziness

and others.

Always consult with a healthcare professional about potential side effects.

Question 6

What drug class is Vivitrol?

Accepted Answer

Vivitrol belongs to the opioid antagonist drug class.

Question 7

What is the dosage of Vivitrol and how do I take it?

Accepted Answer

Administration

Vivitrol is given as an intramuscular injection into the gluteal muscle. This medication must be administered by a healthcare provider in a medical setting and is not intended for self-injection.

Injections are typically scheduled monthly. Healthcare providers generally alternate the injection site between the left and right sides each month to help prevent skin or tissue reactions.

Treatment Requirements

Before starting treatment, individuals must be completely free of all opioid medications and illicit drugs for a specific period of time. Starting the medication while opioids are still in the system can cause sudden and severe withdrawal. A healthcare provider may perform a screening test to ensure opioids have cleared the body before the initial dose is given.

Missed Doses

If a scheduled injection is missed, it should be rescheduled and administered as soon as possible to maintain the effectiveness of the treatment.

Question 8

Is Vivitrol safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy

It is not known whether Vivitrol will harm an unborn baby. In animal studies, high doses of naltrexone were associated with an increased risk of early pregnancy loss. Because of the lack of human data, Vivitrol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

Individuals who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should discuss their treatment options and potential risks with a healthcare provider.

Breastfeeding

Naltrexone, the active ingredient in Vivitrol, is known to pass into breast milk. It is currently unknown how the medication affects a nursing infant or milk production. Because of the potential for side effects in the infant, patients should consult with a healthcare professional to decide whether to continue breastfeeding or stop the medication.

Question 9

What forms and strengths does Vivitrol come in?

Accepted Answer

Available Forms

Vivitrol is provided as a single-use kit for intramuscular injection. The medication is an extended-release formulation, which means it is designed to release the active ingredient slowly over time after administration.

The kit typically includes the following components:

A vial containing the medication in the form of microspheres (powder).

A prefilled syringe containing a sterile liquid diluent used to mix the powder into a suspension.

Specialized needles designed for the administration of the injection.

This medication must be administered by a healthcare provider into the gluteal muscle. It is not intended for self-administration or for any other route of delivery.

Question 10

What is the FDA approval status of Vivitrol?

Accepted Answer

FDA Approval and Indications

Vivitrol is FDA-approved for two primary uses: the treatment of alcohol dependence in patients who are able to abstain from alcohol in an outpatient setting, and the prevention of relapse to opioid dependence following opioid detoxification. It is meant to be used as part of a complete treatment program that includes psychosocial support, such as counseling or therapy.

Administration Requirements

The FDA requires that Vivitrol be administered only by a healthcare professional. It is given as an intramuscular injection into the gluteal muscle once every four weeks or once a month. It is not approved for self-administration or for injection into other areas of the body.

Safety Warnings and Precautions

The FDA-approved labeling includes several significant safety warnings and regulatory precautions:

Risk of Opioid Overdose: Patients may have a reduced tolerance to opioids after treatment with Vivitrol. Attempting to overcome the medication's effects by taking large amounts of opioids can lead to fatal respiratory failure or circulatory collapse.

Severe Injection Site Reactions: The FDA has issued warnings regarding serious reactions at the site of injection, such as pain, swelling, or tissue death (necrosis), which may require surgical intervention.

Hepatotoxicity: Naltrexone has the potential to cause liver injury or hepatitis. Healthcare providers typically monitor liver function through blood tests before and during treatment.

Precipitated Withdrawal: To avoid severe and sudden withdrawal symptoms, the FDA requires that patients be opioid-free for a minimum of 7 to 10 days before receiving their first dose.

Question 11

What should I know about Vivitrol and withdrawal?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal and Vivitrol

Vivitrol is an opioid antagonist and is not habit-forming. Because it does not produce a physical dependence, you will not experience withdrawal symptoms when you stop treatment. However, the relationship between Vivitrol and opioid withdrawal is significant in other ways.

Precipitated Withdrawal

If Vivitrol is injected while opioids are still present in your system, it will cause sudden and severe opioid withdrawal. This is called precipitated withdrawal. To prevent this, healthcare providers require that you are opioid-free for at least 7 to 14 days before starting the medication. This includes avoiding medications like methadone or buprenorphine.

Symptoms of precipitated withdrawal may include:

Severe nausea and vomiting

Stomach cramps and diarrhea

Muscle aches and joint pain

Extreme anxiety or restlessness

Trouble sleeping

Risks After Discontinuation

Once you stop receiving Vivitrol injections, the blocking effect on opioid receptors eventually wears off. During treatment, your tolerance for opioids decreases significantly. If you resume opioid use after stopping Vivitrol, even small amounts of opioids can lead to a life-threatening or fatal overdose.

Vivitrol

📋Overview

What It's Used For

How It Works

Side Effects

Warnings & Precautions

Dosage & How to Take

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Forms & Strengths

FDA / Regulatory Status

Withdrawal Information

FAQ

📚References

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