Question 1

What is Glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is a hormone naturally produced by the pancreas that plays a vital role in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. It functions by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream, effectively raising the amount of sugar available for the body to use.

This medication is also utilized during certain medical imaging procedures to temporarily decrease movement in the digestive tract. By relaxing the muscles of the stomach and intestines, it helps provide a clearer view for diagnostic examinations.

Question 2

What is Glucagon used for?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia and for radiologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 3

How does Glucagon work?

Accepted Answer

Raising Blood Sugar

Glucagon is a hormone naturally produced by the pancreas. Its primary function is to prevent blood sugar levels from dropping too low. When blood sugar levels fall significantly, glucagon works by:

Stimulating the liver to convert stored energy, known as glycogen, back into glucose.

Releasing that glucose into the bloodstream to provide immediate energy.

This process helps restore blood sugar to a safe level during a severe hypoglycemic event, particularly when a person is unconscious or unable to swallow food or drinks containing sugar.

Digestive System Effects

Glucagon also acts on the muscles of the digestive system. It can temporarily slow down or stop the movement of the stomach and intestines. Because of this effect, healthcare providers may use it during certain medical imaging tests to get a clearer view of the digestive tract.

Question 4

What are the brand names for Glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon is sold under the brand names:

GlucaGen

Gvoke

Baqsimi

Question 5

What are the active ingredients in Glucagon?

Accepted Answer

The active ingredient in Glucagon is glucagon .

Question 6

What are the side effects of Glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Common side effects of Glucagon may include:

Nausea

Vomiting

Headache

Always consult with a healthcare professional about potential side effects.

Question 7

What drug class is Glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon belongs to the counter-regulatory hormone drug class.

Question 8

What is the dosage of Glucagon and how do I take it?

Accepted Answer

Administration Methods

Glucagon is used when a person with diabetes has blood sugar so low they cannot eat or drink sugar sources safely. It is available in several forms, and caregivers should be trained on the specific device prescribed.

Injectable Glucagon

Injectable glucagon may come in a kit that requires mixing or in a pre-filled, ready-to-use device. General administration steps include:

For kits requiring mixing, the liquid must be added to the powder and gently swirled until the powder dissolves. The solution should be clear and colorless before use.

The medication is injected into the muscle or fatty tissue of the upper arm, thigh, or buttocks.

If the person does not wake up after the first dose, additional doses may be given if directed by a healthcare provider while waiting for emergency help.

Nasal Glucagon

Nasal glucagon is a powder provided in a single-use device. It is administered by inserting the tip into a nostril and pressing a plunger. The medication is absorbed through the lining of the nose and does not need to be inhaled or sniffed to work.

Post-Administration Care

Because glucagon is for emergency use, specific steps must be taken immediately after administration:

Call for emergency medical help (such as 911) immediately after giving the dose.

Turn the person onto their side. This is a safety precaution to prevent choking, as glucagon can cause nausea and vomiting.

Once the person is conscious and able to swallow, give them a fast-acting source of sugar, such as fruit juice, soda, or glucose gel.

Follow the fast-acting sugar with a long-acting snack that contains both carbohydrates and protein, such as cheese and crackers, to help maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Question 9

Is Glucagon safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy

Glucagon is a hormone that occurs naturally in the body. Current medical evidence suggests that glucagon does not cross the placenta and is unlikely to harm a developing fetus. In emergency situations involving severe low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), the benefits of using glucagon typically outweigh the potential risks, as untreated hypoglycemia can be dangerous for both the pregnant person and the baby.

Breastfeeding

It is not known for certain whether glucagon passes into human breast milk. However, because glucagon is a protein, it is expected to be broken down in the infant's digestive tract if it were ingested through breast milk. There are no known reports of harm to nursing infants when the parent uses glucagon for emergency treatment.

Consulting Your Healthcare Provider

If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, you should discuss the use of glucagon with your doctor. They can provide guidance on managing severe hypoglycemia and help you ensure that an appropriate emergency plan is in place.

Question 10

What forms and strengths does Glucagon come in?

Accepted Answer

Injectable Forms

Glucagon injections are provided in several different delivery systems designed for rapid use during a severe low blood sugar event:

Emergency Kits: These kits typically contain a vial of sterile powder and a syringe pre-filled with a liquid diluent. The liquid must be manually mixed into the powder vial before the dose is drawn back into the syringe for injection.

Pre-filled Syringes: This form contains a stable liquid version of the medication that is ready for immediate injection without the need for mixing.

Auto-injectors: These are single-use devices that contain a pre-mixed dose. They are designed to be pressed against the skin, usually on the thigh, to automatically deliver the medication.

Nasal Form

Glucagon is also available as a nasal powder. This needle-free option is provided in a portable, single-use device. The medication is delivered by inserting the tip of the device into a nostril and pressing a plunger. The powder is absorbed through the lining of the nose and does not require the person to inhale or sniff for it to be effective.

Question 11

What is the FDA approval status of Glucagon?

Accepted Answer

FDA Approval and Indications

Glucagon is FDA-approved for the emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar) in pediatric and adult patients with diabetes. It is intended for use when the patient is unconscious or unable to consume oral carbohydrates. Additionally, the FDA has approved glucagon as a diagnostic aid during radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract, where it is used to temporarily decrease the movement of the stomach and intestines to improve image quality.

Approved Formulations

The FDA has approved several delivery methods for glucagon to facilitate rapid administration during emergencies. These include:

Emergency kits containing a vial of powder and a pre-filled syringe of sterile water for reconstitution.

Pre-mixed, ready-to-use autoinjectors and pre-filled syringes.

A dry nasal powder formulation for needle-free administration.

Regulatory Status

Glucagon is available by prescription only. The FDA regulates the manufacturing, labeling, and marketing of all glucagon products. Regulatory actions, such as warning letters, may be issued to manufacturers if they fail to comply with current good manufacturing practices or if marketing materials do not meet federal requirements. There are currently no Boxed Warnings or Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) associated with glucagon.

Question 12

What should I know about Glucagon and hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Emergency Treatment for Severe Hypoglycemia

Glucagon is used to treat severe low blood sugar ( hypoglycemia ) in people with diabetes. It is specifically intended for emergency situations where the person is unable to consume sugar by mouth because they are unconscious, having a seizure, or are too confused to swallow safely.

The medication works by signaling the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. This action helps raise blood sugar levels quickly to restore consciousness and safety.

When to Administer Glucagon

Caregivers or family members should be trained to recognize the signs of severe hypoglycemia and know how to use glucagon. It should be administered if the person:

Is unconscious or unresponsive.

Is having a seizure.

Is unable to swallow food or drink.

Is severely disoriented or unable to follow simple instructions.

Because severe low blood sugar is a medical emergency, it is essential to call for emergency medical assistance immediately after administering the dose. Once the person is awake and able to swallow, they should be given a fast-acting source of sugar, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets, followed by a snack containing protein and complex carbohydrates to maintain stable blood sugar levels.

Glucagon

📋Overview

What It's Used For

How It Works

Brand Names

Side Effects

Warnings & Precautions

Dosage & How to Take

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Forms & Strengths

FDA / Regulatory Status

Hypoglycemia Information

FAQ

Additional Resources

Support & Help Resources

📚References

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