Question 1

What is Natalizumab?

Accepted Answer

Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that works by influencing the behavior of the body's immune system. It is designed to prevent certain immune cells from traveling to areas where they could cause inflammation or tissue damage. By limiting the movement of these cells, the medication helps to manage the biological activity associated with specific chronic inflammatory conditions.

Question 2

What is Natalizumab used for?

Accepted Answer

Natalizumab is used to treat:

Multiple sclerosis

Crohn's disease

Question 3

How does Natalizumab work?

Accepted Answer

Mechanism of Action

Natalizumab belongs to a class of medications called monoclonal antibodies. It is designed to target and bind to specific proteins on the surface of white blood cells, which are part of the body's immune system.

In conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. White blood cells travel through the bloodstream and cross into the central nervous system or the lining of the intestines, causing inflammation and damage.

Natalizumab works by:

Binding to proteins: The medication attaches to alpha-4 integrin, a protein found on the surface of certain white blood cells.

Blocking movement: By binding to these proteins, the drug prevents the immune cells from sticking to and passing through the walls of blood vessels.

Reducing inflammation: This action keeps the inflammatory cells from reaching the brain, spinal cord, or gut, where they would otherwise cause tissue damage.

By limiting the number of immune cells that enter these areas, natalizumab helps decrease the frequency of MS relapses and can help manage symptoms of Crohn's disease when other treatments have not worked.

Question 4

What are the brand names for Natalizumab?

Accepted Answer

Natalizumab is sold under the brand name Tysabri .

Question 5

What are the active ingredients in Natalizumab?

Accepted Answer

The active ingredient in Natalizumab is natalizumab .

Question 6

What are the side effects of Natalizumab?

Accepted Answer

Common side effects of Natalizumab may include:

headache

fatigue

joint pain

and others

Always consult with a healthcare professional about potential side effects.

Question 7

What drug class is Natalizumab?

Accepted Answer

Natalizumab belongs to the monoclonal antibody drug class.

Question 8

What is the dosage of Natalizumab and how do I take it?

Accepted Answer

Administration

Natalizumab is given as a solution that is injected into a vein through an intravenous (IV) infusion. This procedure must be performed by a healthcare professional in a medical office, hospital, or infusion center.

Frequency and Timing

The medication is usually administered once every four weeks. Each infusion session typically lasts about one hour. After the infusion is complete, patients are generally required to stay at the medical facility for at least one hour so that healthcare providers can monitor for any immediate reactions to the medication.

Missed Doses

It is important to receive each infusion on the scheduled date. If an appointment is missed, contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible to reschedule the treatment.

Question 9

Is Natalizumab safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of natalizumab in pregnant women. Research in animals has shown some evidence of harm to the fetus. This medication should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

If natalizumab is used during the third trimester of pregnancy, healthcare providers may monitor the newborn for blood-related issues. Some infants exposed to the drug late in pregnancy have experienced:

Low levels of platelets (thrombocytopenia)

Low red blood cell counts (anemia)

Natalizumab passes into human breast milk. It is not known if the drug has an effect on the nursing infant or on milk production. Decisions regarding breastfeeding while using this medication should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider to evaluate the risks and benefits.

Question 10

What forms and strengths does Natalizumab come in?

Accepted Answer

Natalizumab is available as a concentrated solution for intravenous infusion. It is supplied in vials and must be diluted with a sterile saline solution before administration.

The medication is administered by a healthcare professional in a clinical setting, such as a doctor's office, infusion center, or hospital. It is not designed for self-injection or home use. Both the original reference product and biosimilar versions are available in this injectable format.

Question 11

What is the FDA approval status of Natalizumab?

Accepted Answer

FDA Approval and Indications

Natalizumab was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004. It is currently approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults, including clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease. It is also indicated for adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease who have not responded well to or cannot tolerate other treatments.

In August 2023, the FDA approved the first biosimilar version of natalizumab to treat these same conditions, providing an additional treatment option for patients.

Boxed Warning and PML Risk

The FDA has required a boxed warning for natalizumab due to the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). PML is a rare and potentially fatal viral infection of the brain. The risk of developing PML increases with the duration of treatment, prior use of immunosuppressant medications, and the presence of antibodies against the John Cunningham (JC) virus.

REMS Safety Program

Because of the risk of PML, natalizumab is only available through a restricted distribution program called a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS). For the original brand-name version, this is known as the TOUCH Prescribing Program. Under this regulatory requirement:

Only healthcare providers and pharmacies enrolled in the program can prescribe or distribute the drug.

Infusion centers must be specially certified to administer the medication.

Patients must be educated on the risks and enrolled in the program to receive treatment.

Regulatory History

Following its initial approval in 2004, natalizumab was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2005 after reports of PML emerged. After a thorough safety review and the development of the restricted distribution program, the FDA allowed the medication to return to the market in 2006. The FDA continues to monitor safety data and has issued several communications regarding the importance of testing for JC virus antibodies to help assess a patient's risk for PML.

Question 12

What should I know about Natalizumab and infusion?

Accepted Answer

Infusion Process

Natalizumab is delivered through a needle or catheter placed into a vein, usually in the arm. Each infusion session typically lasts about one hour. Because of the risk of serious side effects, the medication is only available through a restricted distribution program and must be administered in a certified healthcare setting.

Monitoring and Frequency

The standard schedule for natalizumab infusions is once every four weeks. During the infusion and for at least one hour after it is finished, healthcare providers will monitor you closely for signs of a serious allergic reaction. Symptoms that require immediate attention include:

Hives, itching, or skin rash

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue

Difficulty breathing or wheezing

Chest pain or chills

If you miss an appointment for your infusion, it should be rescheduled as soon as possible. It is important to receive the medication on a regular schedule to maintain its effectiveness.

Natalizumab

📋Overview

What It's Used For

How It Works

Brand Names

Side Effects

Warnings & Precautions

Dosage & How to Take

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Forms & Strengths

FDA / Regulatory Status

Infusion Information

FAQ

Additional Resources

Support & Help Resources

📚References

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